A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay Example for Free

A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay In this survey, we developed a set of questions asking students in the unit of a dormitory. We asked individual students to assess their degree of procrastination, the specific occasions when they have significant sign of procrastination and their difficulties in solving the problem. We then asked them to think about one of two occasions when they were highly productive in order to see and compare what serves for and against their procrastination. Then, choosing the dormitory as a whole sample, we asked students to name one of them who is most productive generally, and asked them if they’ve noticed the difference and invited them to figure out the reason for this difference in productivity. In this way, we have managed to attain a number of individual samples to analyze their procrastination as well as group samples from which we may conclude the peer influences in this group of students. Results Based on the various results of individual survey, we have selected and categorized several typical cases presented in the form of case study as follows. Case 1: Procrastination with Trivial Things In one of the dormitory we carried out the survey, a student lost his key but just refused to get another one. Instead, he phones his roommates to open the door for him when he can’t enter, causing much trouble to his roommates. Another student we surveyed was said to have kept his dirty cloths for ages and not want to wash them simply because of the cold weather. Everyone may be reluctant with specific tasks for various reasons, especially boring and time-consuming work such as laundry. Case 2: A Whole Night in Dormitory without Finishing Homework Many of the students we surveyed mentioned their low-productivity in the dormitory. Often is the case when students find the clock ticks time away without awareness of what they have just done. In this case, distraction in dormitories plays an important role in students’ procrastination. With roommates playing games, listening to music or simply just walking around, it calls for great effort to stay focused. And it is even worse when there is work to be done on the computer with access to the Internet, as there is much more distraction online such as games, videos, IMs and SNS, which can easily attracts students from what they should be doing. Case 3: Perfectionism Perfectionism is another classical cause for procrastination. Students who want to have a perfect outcome often turn out to find nowhere to start, fearing that they would screw things up. Being back and forth with the project ahead may also lower his self-esteem and then possibly put him into a vicious circle of low self-esteem-caused procrastination. Case 4: Endless Entertainment No matter if it’s Sitcoms, SNS or computer games, many students have at least one type of entertainment from which they can tear away from. Many students surveyed mentioned the very typical scenario when they tell themselves to start working by six but still enjoying the â€Å"last† episode or round hours later. With more and more distraction and entertainment around, students show much more difficulty to stay focused without external control. Case 5: Vicious Circle From what we have learned from the survey, it is rather easy to fall into a vicious circle because of procrastination, which in turn worsens one’s procrastination. Many students will feel depressed and low mood because they’ve left too much of tasks behind and therefore cannot focus, suffer low-productivity, thus undermining their self-esteem and making it harder to accomplish the tasks next time. Case 6: Wrong Reward Many experts suggest setting a period of time for oneself when he or she focuses the tasks at hand. Then reward him or herself for having concentrated during this period. This may serve to build up one’s self-esteem and concentration with the time period set longer and longer. But there are cases in which the rewards are too appealing (for example one’s favorite game) that students either hurry to finish the task simply to enjoy the reward with poor quality or get stuck with the reward and keep excusing himself for extending the time, which holds up later schedule and puts him back to procrastination. Case 7: Enjoying the Last-Minute-Accomplishment Some of the students surveyed admitted that after accomplishing their tasks right before the deadline for several of times, they become fond of this kind of schedule and planning. These students often achieve extraordinarily high productivity during the last minutes with results turning out to be not bad. Students therefore become dependent on this external driving force and used to completing tasks in the last-minute. General Analysis In the cases described above, we can see that lack of self-control is a very dominant cause for procrastination. How well can a person resist his temptation, control his entertainment and avoid distraction largely affects his degree of procrastination. There are also certain psychological mechanisms contributive to one’s procrastination. Noticeably, these many of the causes mentioned above are inter-connected, meaning there’s hardly an easy one-way solution to procrastination. Discussion From the specific cases mentioned above, we can already spot some of the causes for procrastination. Furthermore, these causes are often also related. We will first further discuss the different causes for procrastination in this section and then specially analyze the peer influences in the scope of procrastination. Peer Influences on Procrastination From the group samples we’ve collected in the survey, we analyzed the cases when students become either more or less productive because of their peer and concluded three major types of peer influence on procrastination. Competition In one of the dormitories we’ve surveyed, one student who completes tasks much faster than his roommates has been nominated as the most productive and executive. When asked about his productivity, he attributed it to his competition with his high school classmate. Another student also mentioned what he heard form friend in Qinghua University where students in a dormitory are highly competitive and look up to the best and fastest, which creates an atmosphere of positive competition driving each one to speed up and work hard. We believe that competition is one of the most effective external driving forces apart from the looming deadline itself. Though there isn’t necessarily a competitive atmosphere, it is not very hard to look for a peer to compete with so as to urge and encourage each other. Peer Reference Peer reference here indicates the psychology when one looks on his peer to excuse himself from not working. Many people may have this kind of voice echoing in the mind: â€Å"It’s OK. Nick hasn’t started yet. Leave it some other day!† What’s worse, some students admitted that in order to keep this excuse valid, they often do not urge the other one to start working purposely but join in him dragging the to-do list instead. We believe that this overlooking and following of peer procrastination is due to lack of . And this crowd psychology in many cases contributes to the atmosphere of procrastination. On the other hand, it is rather crucial for the one with higher productivity to actively urge and influence his peers to prevent procrastination as a â€Å"shepherd†. Peer Pressure Throughout our survey, some students with low productivity turn out to be surprisingly efficient in team work, because they feel compelled to fulfill their share of responsibility in a team working on a same goal otherwise they will hold up the whole schedule. Therefore, it is crucial for team leaders to set a common goal and emphasize the importance of every individual’s work. However, this peer influence doesn’t always work as there are always irresponsible people in a team. Summary From the interconnected influences discussed above, peers do have certain influence on procrastination, either positively or negatively. When one wants to drag things on, others’ procrastination can be a good justification. However, it appears a little harder to impose positive influences on procrastination as it calls for certain mechanism, i.e. competition, peer urging or team cooperation. And the conclusion can be safely drawn that when there are more mechanisms functioning, individuals are easier to prevent his or her procrastination with the assistance of his peers. Therefore, apart from one’s own effort, actively seeking positive peer influence is also a good solution. Recommendations True as it is that solving procrastination needs multiple methods, we will elaborate our recommendations in a separate way so that students with different types of procrastination can find the suitable solution for his particular case more easily. While the methods are many, the philosophy behind is simple: actively seeking external influence. And specific methods are elaborated as follows. Avoid Distraction/Disturbance For students finding it hard to concentrate and work effectively, we recommend they go to the library, classrooms or other quiet places for serious business. One may also turn off the cell phones to further avoid any distraction or disturbance. For those who find themselves often wasting hours on games (either computer games like DotA or video games on little gadgets like Angry Birds) or surfing, it is also a good idea to go somewhere else to work or study, leaving anything that can distract you back in the dormitory or locked up. Peer Influence As discussed earlier, peer influence does play certain roles in the scope of procrastination. So to find a right peer who pushes you to work hard or poses challenge as a competitor is also a solution to procrastination. Or maybe, as some researchers suggest, pre-commitment supervised by peers is also a good idea. You can simply post on your SNS sites that you will finish your thesis in a week or not visiting renren.com for 5 days and encourage your friends to see if you make it. Technical Assistance Sometimes you have to use the computer or the Internet to do some research or write an essay when you cannot leave them away. How to avoid the temptations to click on the button? There are certain applications or extensions that help you control your time. For example, stayfocused is a Google Chrome browser extension which limit your visit to certain sites such as Facebook (well, the GFW has already done the favor), renren.com or tudoou.com etc which can easily suck hours out of your schedule. Once you set the time limit, you cannot change it that day. And if you try to change the limit when the allowed time is running out? Small windows will keep popping up to ask you if you’re sure to change the limit and not cheating. And even link to an article on procrastination as you finally clicked â€Å"yes†. This is just one example of the use of technology on the fight against procrastination.

Dream Job And Personal Quality English Language Essay

Dream Job And Personal Quality English Language Essay 1. a) What are the personal qualities that you should have to help you obtain the job of your dreams? To do that, identify the people around you who can help you acquire the information that you are seeking to gain a complete perspective. b) Prepare a list of question (minimum 8) that you would ask these people 2. Recall a conflict that you have been involved in recently a. Identify the primary source of the conflict described b. Do you think the other party would agree about the primary source of the conflict? Why or why not? c. Identify any secondary sources of the conflict d. How did each dimension affect the way the participant approached the conflict? 2.0 Intro to business communication Business communication is a process that a sender and receiver exchange information through a medium which will result a shared feedback. In the process of communicating, at first the sender has an idea need to inform another person. Secondly, the sender encodes the idea into a message so that the message can travels over channel which the channel is the medium; the message is travel by speaking up by the senders mouth. Then the receiver decodes the message by hearing the message by using the ears. After that, there will be a feedback travels back to the sender to decode, if the sender got any possible additional feedback, then it will transfer back to the receiver. The most common way that they communicate is by speaking, visual images, body language and writing. And the main goals of communicate is to change behavior, to get action, to get and give information, to ensure understanding and to persuade. In communication also have two types of communication which is internal and external communication, and inside the internal and external also got formal channels and informal channels. Each communication which also have their own network to communicate, there are four network to communicate. Chain network, circle network, star network and wheel network is the network of their information exchange. 3.0 Intro to dream job and personal quality In this world there are many jobs to choose to be, and each job has its own special and its personality. Also each job also needs its own personal quality to achieve the jobs personality. My dream job is to be a pilot; the major part of personal quality of my dream job is passionate and effective communication. It is because that personal quality will straightly affect the work performance, when working there is many personal qualities are needed. Personal qualities are similar to the skills while in the working place, it shows that how you do to enhance your working performance. While personal qualities are similar to skill set of working performance, it is also shows that your own personal characteristics individually. It is also an aspect of your character. 4.0 Personal qualities Personal qualities are the personality and attitude to meet against all of your work and life. There are also many types of personal qualities, the main thing to control the personal quality that is personality, like attitude, passionate and other. Different personality will also lead to a different type of personal quality changes. 4.0.1 Passionate Effective Communication The job of my dreams is to be a pilot. To be a pilot, I should also have the personal qualities to obtain the job qualification. So, what is the personal qualities should I have? To be a pilot, the first personal qualities I should have is the passionate, if I work this job, I must have to be passionate about the job, when I work cannot be so cool and not to communicate with other colleague. 4.0.2 Computer Literacy Technology Literacy Nowadays in 21st century, one of the personal qualities that most employers wanted is that, a person will have a computer and technical literacy. It is because nowadays almost all jobs now require an understanding, ranging from basic to advance of computer software, spreadsheets, e-mail, and internet navigation. Without the knowledge of computer literacy, then they will more on manpower to work. So as my dream job is to be a pilot, if I dont have the computer literacy, then the device and system in the plane will cannot be used. When the system of the plane may goes wrong, we also can solve it quickly. Speaking of which, problem-solving also another personal qualities a pilot should have. When a pilot in the air has met some problem, he must solve it quick and have a critical thinking to control the chaos and conquer the challenges. 4.0.3 Attitude Interpersonal Abilities As a pilot, attitude also is an important thing on personal qualities, without the attitude, they will think that youre bad. So when serving them, the attitude must be polite and low voice. Good attitude will evade conflict. Interpersonal abilities are also a personal quality by building relationship or management of the relationship to everyone, as a pilot interpersonal ability is cannot be less. When meet a moody customer, we also need to have a good attitude to them making a good relationship by having interpersonal ability to communicate with him. 4.0.4 Leadership Teamwork Teamwork is to cooperate with your colleague when is in flight, it is also consider to leadership when the flight got any problem, as a leader of the flight it must be control the crowd on the plane, so must have leadership that offer the stewardess to control the crowd to calm down. Everyone in the plane must be calm down, as a leader cannot be panic, so leader must keep steady and stay cool when any problems come. 4.0.5 Positive thinking Confidence Every job also needs these kinds of personal qualities, without it then your work cannot proceed. But as a pilot, these personal qualities cannot be less, if a pilot is having negative thought and lack of confidence, then his decision will be a failure to be done. It is because on a flight, there is many humans life in your hand. One failure will lead to a tragedy. To be positive thinking then will have the critical thinking as always, when danger comes. Nothing can block your way when in positive thinking. 4.0.6 Management Responsibility As a pilot, before flight departure must be well planned the course to flight in the air, without the management of the flight then the time to reach the place will cannot be accurate. If management is bad, the responsibility also will be very bad. As a pilot, must be responsible to the time management and everything. When things go wrong on the flight, the pilot will be responsible to everything. 4.1 Person who can give me information and complete perspective The people who can help me acquire this personal quality information are the friends or family that is experience in working as a pilot or stewardess. We also can ask the pilot or stewardess about the personal quality and their mentality when their work. By asking them how they maintain the personal quality and how to enhance. All that information is getting from my friends and pilot are only can do as a reference. The information that I get from my survey, it is also based on their experience to answer my question, their answer only support my question to achieve my complete perspective. 4.2 Questions would ask people for information 1. What personal quality should be acquired? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. How do you use the opportunities to help you achieve your dream job? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. When there are obstacles, how you solve it? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. How to improve the personal quality? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Which personal quality is needed the most? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. When your dream job is needed more time, you will forfeit or continue? Why? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. When is your starting to brace up to chase your dream job? _____________________________________________________________________ 8. Which personal quality makes you doesnt give up? _____________________________________________________________________ 5.0 Conclusion Recommendation As my conclusion, no matter which job to be taken, all personal qualities are also needed to be used. So it is conclude that, all works are also need all of the personal qualities. Without those personal qualities, the work performance and working situation will also bad and will not be a successful person. Not every person in every situation also can do their job with their own personal quality, but they still can improve their personal quality. By improve their personal quality; they first can control their temper to improve their personal quality. It is because that, most of them cannot withstand their temper so that they will do something madness so that when their work, the personal quality of them will not be so perfect anymore. So when working, personal quality and skill set must be use, to improve on the working performance. While your work performance are good, so that when have a communication with colleague who are work with you will be very good. Also changing information will be very good for improve the result. 6.0 Intro of conflict that have been involved recently Conflict is an argument and disagreement which two or more parties are involving the threat of their needs, concerns or interests. Conflict will always appear especially at working place, it is because there are sure will be many arguments or disagreements. Conflict also have a few categories which is the topic or subject at hand, it is also the common conflict. It is means by when in the workplace, the scheduling or the budgeting problem. Secondly, is the process, when working no matter is in a group or solo, it will also shows that two or more parties will show their best to do, but only that are some problem on one of them maybe weak, and another will have stronger, so that conflict happens. Relational issues and ego are also one of the conflicts. There are many causes of conflict, misunderstanding, personality clashes, and competition for resources, authority issues, and lack of cooperation, difference over methods, low performance and the value or goal difference. These causes are making conflict in everywhere, no matter in what place, there are many conflict especially in working place. I have a conflict recently which is while I was in a club, I was an activity planner, which I was with four members inside them include me. I was having an idea, another one of us also having an idea, but our both opinion was different. And the president is buying my idea, not buying another partners idea. So that he doesnt cooperate with us and this is the conflict that we have it. 7.0 Findings Primary source is a topic which is under investigation with direct evidence. The detail of all conflict, information is getting right through interview. In my conflict, the primary source is that we are having different opinion. After that, my colleague will not cooperate with us, so that it will lead our mission will may not be accomplish. In the club, we have four activity planner, although all also have own idea. But all these years, we all also support on one idea, but this time another partner in the club dont cooperate just because of the president not buying his idea, so he doesnt want to be cooperative. Secondary source is a topic which is under investigation with the evidence is getting through another person. The detail and information are may not be true and not correctly, the content of the information may be wrong. In my conflict, the secondary source is that although my colleagues idea, the president doesnt buy it, then he will wanted to demolish my idea and plan. In the club, he is already not cooperating with us, but still there are rumors that he wants to demolish my idea and planning. While this is a secondary source, the news is getting from another person, so it may be true or false. As in the primary source, another party also agrees the primary source of the conflict; he is not cooperate and because of the president not buying his idea. And there are secondary source which is heard by another person, and the news is that he want to demolish my idea and destroy my plan. So he is agreeing that the primary source, it is because he is sure to not cooperate with my planning. 8.0 Approached to conflict While facing the conflict, there are several ways to react and each of the approach will have many different results. There are many ways to facing the conflict; Avoiding, accommodation, competition, collaboration and compromise is the way to facing the conflict. While these are the ways to solve the conflict, this is the negotiating method to solve the conflict. Except for this, there is more solution to solve the conflict; negotiating strategies are also one of the ways to solve the conflict. In negotiating strategies is using win-win strategies, win-lose strategies, lose-win strategies, lose-lose strategies. There are many ways to solve the conflict. There are method strategies, negotiating styles and negotiating method. And in my conflict, negotiating methods are good to solve the conflict. So that the method I choose to solve the conflict is negotiating method. 8.1 Negotiating Method Compromise By using the compromise method, each of the party need to sacrifices something that he or she is seeking to gain on agreement. After compromise, both parties are also willing to cooperate with each other, so that it will lead to a win-win solution. Collaboration By using the collaboration method, both of the parties are needed to commit to work together to resolve the conflicts between them. After resolve the problems, then making their own benefits or profits, it will lead to a win-win solution. Competition By using competition method, both parties will fight for each other for their own good. This method is fast and decisive action to resolve the conflict. But in the end, it will lead to a win-lose solution which the initial person who makes conflict will get the benefits. Accommodating By using accommodating method, it is giving a space between them, and maintains a harmony way to resolve the conflict. So the initial person who makes conflict will sacrifice own principle and making harmony. It will lead to lose-win solution. Withdrawal and Avoidance By using withdrawal and avoidance method, both parties also choose to let go the conflict, and by using this method, it will lead to lose-lose solution. While using withdrawal and avoidance method, most of the result if will need other person to investigate. 9.0 Conclusion of conflict management As my conclusion, this conflict can be solving by using many method, strategies and many more. For solving every conflict, the best solution to solve the conflict while using negotiating method is compromise or collaboration. It is because that these two methods will lead to win-win solution. Compromise is that both parties willing to sacrifices one of their aim, so that can cooperate to work together to obtain a good outcome and result. While compromise is both parties sacrifices something, collaboration is both of the parties work together but the gaining of the benefits is belong on their choice, after the cooperation, then will lead to win-win solution which both also get their benefits. 10.0 Conclusion Recommendation As for conclusion in business communication, it is normally use to communicate with people in all around the world. Communication is very important to everyone else, it is because that, communicate is everyones way to exchange their information and their thought. Communication are not only got speaking to communicate. Visual images, body language and writing are also the common way to communicate with people. And each of the communication methods also have different ideas and result of what detail and information you heard, you see or you get. It is depends on the people that how he or she absorb and get to know the information and detail about something. While both parties communicating, there are many common communications error sure will occur. For example, multitasking while listening from another, while someone is asking something, then ask one by one should be alright with the communication, but if ask something which the other parties doesnt have the chance to answer that question, then it will become a communication failure. Finishing other sentences, preparing our response before someone has completed speaking, filtering content or meaning based on the speaker, speaking for other. This is all the communications common error that will always occur. For recommendation, communicate slowly and with the voice of interesting waves, it is because no one likes to hear a voice which is the voice is high pitch or low pitch sound.

The Break Up Of Austria Hungary History Essay

The Break Up Of Austria Hungary History Essay In 1867 a dualist structure of Austro-Hungary came into existence in substitution with the former sole Austrian Empire (1804-67). This was the time when Austria came weak in strength and lost power, as it had gone through wars against Italian Peninsula (1859) and the states of German Confederation (1866). Besides these wars some other factors were also the cause such as constitutional changes which was causing continuous Hungarian frustration with rule from Vienna on growing national awareness in the other nationalities of the Austrian Empire. This frustration with Austrian rule had increased with time within Hungary which also caused Hungarian liberal revolution (1848-49). In the late 1850s, a huge quantity of Hungarians who joined their hands in the revolution agreed to accept the Habsburg monarchy. This took it as it will deliver the full right of internal independence to Hungary with common rights of defence and foreign affairs to both Austria and Hungary. At the time the Emperor Franz Joseph commenced comprising efforts with the Hungarian upper class and gained their support. Further the Hungarian leaders claimed Emperors coronation as King of Hungary and a separate parliament at Budapest with authorities to endorse rules and regulations. (H. Kohn, 1961) The creation of semi-independent Hungary caused the ascending a forceful ethnic Hungarian Magyar identity within the Kingdom of Hungary. At that stage the other minorities the Romanian and Slav began to dislike the government support to the Magyars. The same situation happened in the Empire of Austria as well as a stress was widely spread amongst the ethnic German and Czech citizens. Furthermore, ethnic issues got increased in new independent Romania and Serbia due to awareness of national identity. By the beginning of the 20th century the problem of disaffected ethnic groups had dominated the political situation in central and Eastern Europe for some 50 years. Upon the outbreak of the World War I in 1914, many of the smaller ethnic groups began to press for self-determination. These groups sought to capitalize on and dislocation of the war in order to attain independence. As a result the question of self-determination became an important issue during the war and in the subsequent peace conference. In this regard various promises of the allies and the central power to disaffected ethnic groups are considered. (Musgrave, T.D. 1997) Ethnic groups frequently claim to have a right to self-determination on the basis that they are peoples, and are therefore entitled to determine their own political status. This notion of self-determination originated in central and Eastern Europe and grew out of the phenomenon of nationalities. The unification Germany and Italy in the 19th century and the creation of nation-states such as Poland and Czechoslovakia after the World War I constituted acts of self-determination consistent with this understanding of the principle. (Musgrave, T.D. 1997) The allies also felt that a settlement of racial problem of South Eastern Europe on the basis of that the various nationalities therein contained should be as far as possible grouped in autonomous units with securities for religious and language rights of minorities to be an essential of lasting peace. As to the relations who exist between these national entities they have no fixed ideas, provided they are not brought under the political and military domination of Berlin. (Calder, K. J.1976) Apart from the ethnic groups, another major problem was regarding the setting up of a language which could be considered as customary. The Germans urged to consider their language as to be considered as a traditional language in the entire Empire. As the Italian language was also treated equally by the Germans they also claim their language to be used for this purpose. On the other hand the Slavic were demanding theirs. However, in upcoming times in multiple laws beginning from 1867, many languages were used as official language in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Initially the Croatian language was given equal rights against Italian in Dalmatia. Due to increasing Slovene majority in Carniola and the capital their language was replaced by German in 1882. In 1869 in Galicia Polish was set as a government language. The Ukrainian language was not granted with this status as they always remained in minority. The language argument was aggressively fought by the Czechs in Bohemia, Prague and Pilsen against the German in 1880. Selection of official language became the most difficult task in the Austro-Hungarian politics. All the governments faced huge conflicts in considering any language for official use and educational purpose. Minorities always urged up to maximum extent to regard their language for education against the dominating Hungarian and German languages. The Austria-Hungarian Empire contained different people with different languages including 24% German, 20% Hungarian, 13% Czech, 10% Polish, 08% Ruthenian, 06% Romanian, 05% Croat, 04% Slovak, 04% Serb, 03% Slovene and 03% Italian. There were many parts of Europe which had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at some stage and left it even before its dissolution in 1918. These parts comprised Lombardy, Veneto (Italy), Silesia (Poland), a large portion of Belgium and Serbia, and some parts of northern Switzerland and south-western Germany. Following in the footsteps of Germany, the Empire of Austro-Hungary implemented economical policies and practices. Industries starting growing in the early stage, people were leading a good living with exceptional facilities and large homes. Further foreign investment was sought for further development. Besides of these betterments the ethnic German groups felt that their position was weakening and they started opposing the leadership. In this regard they made an alliance with the ethnic groups related to Slavic and Taafee to oppose and weaken the liberals. Further they imposed Czech language to be as the official and educational language to decline the German speakers hold on offices. As the Czechs got the benefit other ethnic groups also started claimed for their rights. The government tried its best to play a prominent role in holding together the competing interest groups in an era of rapid change. Still there was a huge influence of the powerful Slavic. On the other hand the Bal kan nationalists also claimed independence from the Ottoman Empire which was also facing declination. After that in 1876 the Slavs of Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina came against Turkish rule and killed Ottoman officials. Further two other small Balkan states, Serbia and Montenegro, also revolted against the Sultan. All these rebels were greatly supported by Russians and ultimately in 1877 Russia declared war against Turkey and defeated the Ottomans with the help of Romania and Greece. At this occasion a treaty was formed and a large Pro-Russian Bulgaria was formed. This enlarged Bulgaria became a threat to the Austro-Hungary and Britain as it may become a Russian satellite and dominate the Balkans. Due to this fear British warships were move towards the Russian border to restrict Russia not to advance in the eastern Mediterranean as the Suez Canal let to Britain. The Britain started propaganda and tried to spread this issue worldwide. However, the other big powers were absolutely against the happening of war in Europe and played their part to stop or slow down the increasing tension in these areas. In 1878 The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory as the large Bulgarian state which Russia conquered from Ottoman territory was dissolved into partitions. Austria conquered Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of obtaining influence in the Balkans. Montenegro and Serbia claimed and won full independency. Nevertheless the Balkans lingered as a site of political turbulence, teeming objective for independence and great power rivalry. Viewing the success of the Congress of Berlin the European powers started focusing to guarantee stability vide a multifaceted series of alliances and treaties. In 1879 keeping in mind the apparent Balkan instability and the aggressiveness of Russia Austro-Hungary made an alliance with the Germans. The main target was to create protection against Russia who had great potential to incite Slav rebellions. Italy also joined hands with them in 1882 against its imperial rivalries with France. Stress continued increasing between Russia and Austro-Hungary so a replacement was made as the Three Emperors League was substituted with Reinsurance Treaty with Russia. This was done to safe from war against Russia. There were three main elements of the ruling Empire of Austro-Hungary, the Hungarian government, the Austrian government and Common foreign and military policy. Separate parliaments were maintained in the Empire and ruled by its own prime minister. The coordinated monarch was theoretically strong but lacked strength in practice. The Empire had to cover all regions such as army, navy, foreign policy etc. Within Austria and Hungary some territories, like Galicia and Croatia gained special status with their own exclusive governmental structures. The common government was ruled by a common Ministerial Council which comprised three ministers to handle the joint responsibilities of finance, military, and foreign policy. There were two prime ministers, one from each side. There were two delegations containing 120 members, 60 from each side the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments. All the decisions were made through voting system to Common Ministerial Council. However, the ministers ultimately answered only to the monarch, and he had the final decision on matters of foreign and military policy. With the passage of time overlapping of responsibilities started amongst ministers and the ministries of both sides which led to huge conflicts and army became the major target of these conflicts. Both sides increased the use of their powers to gain dominancy and prominence in military and non-military affairs. Each half of the Dual Monarchy proved quite prepared to disrupt common operations to advance its own interests. Beginning from 1867 both halves maintained their relations for about fifty years now started facing enormous and repeated disputes to the share of each half in financial contribution and usage of resources. As the Austrian side contained approx 57% of the monarchy had more population and consumed greater resources. To conclude these problems Austro-Hungarian Empire renegotiated an agreement every ten years. On June 28, 1914 the heir of the Austro-Hungarian throne, Francis Ferdinand, during his visit to Bosnian capital, Sarajevo, was assassinated by Serbian militant group Black Hand. Gavrilo Principe was the person who killed him. (Shepard B. 1984) The Austro-Hungary getting favoured by the Germans got determined to stop the Serbian military as there was a chance of revolution in the empire. In this regard they gave the Serbians an Ultimatum which was based on ten demands and considered that they will never accept these demands, yet again the Serbians accepted nine of them and a partial disagreement was on the tenth one, the Austro-Hungarian empire declared war. All these events occurred during the course of July and August 1914, which was the beginning of the Great War. (Horne C.F. 1923) Russia heavily supported Serbia in this war with the continuous mobilization of its army. Italy who had an alliance with Austro-Hungary remained neutral in the beginning but in the year 1915 it showed its participation against the Austro-Hungary just to gain more territory from its ally but the Austro-Hungarians fought well at this side and held back the huge Italian army. This fight lasted for three and half years. (Horne C.F. 1923) The Austro-Hungary army fought in parts with Serbia and Russia, the lesser part was sent to the Serbian border while the wider strength was fighting against the Russian army. This step taken by the Austria-Hungary ended up in a disasters way as it lost 227,000 men from its army which comprised of 450,000 in the beginning and also was unable to gain any territory. In the summer of 1915 a combined attack by Austro-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian armies Serbia was conquered. Again in the year 1916, the Russians continued attack on Brusilov which contained very less strength of Austro-Hungarian soldiers and made them suffer to lose 1 million men. Due to the war, loss of men, shortages in supply, declined morale and uncountable casualties the Austro-Hungarian Empire became weak and sought support from the Germans. Further as it comprised of multiple ethnicity, with different peoples, languages, and customs caused further differences in the army and political leaders. At this stage the Austro-Hungarian Empire was completely dependent on the German support and caused a further increase in the ethnic groups of Austro-Hungary. At this stage the Germans were facing problems as they had expended their reservoir of manpower that would supply fresh recruits from the Homeland to the front. They lost reserves to replenish any losses they had to face during the war. They also faced problems from the Americans as they strengthened the Allies with an additional four million troops. (New York Times, September, 1918; John, K. 1999) In 1914 the British government was not interested in national self determination in Eastern Europe. By Nov-1918 it was deeply involved with various eastern European subject nationalities and was omitted by implication to their independence. The government was not formally committed to national self determination, but it could not have abandoned the subject nationalities without being subjected to accusation of bad faith against which it would have had the greatest difficulty defending itself. This paper attempts to explain that evolution in policy by analyzing the British reaction to national problems in Eastern Europe and to the desire of the subject nationalities for self determination. It concentrates on policy during the war, not on the origins of any future policy. It is based primarily on the official records of the British government which have been supplemented with correspondence from private collections. It concentrates on the evolution of the governments relations with the Poles, Czechoslovaks and Yugoslavs because they were the only eastern European nationalities to conduct, throughout the war, an extensive campaign in Britain for national self determination. Amongst the à ©migrà ©s they alone had meaningful relations with the government. (Calder, K. J.1976) When war first broke out between the allies and the central power, the allies had not thought of destroying Austro-Hungary. Even as the war progressed and centrifugal nationalities pressure on Austro-Hungary increased in intensity the allies were not prepared to seek its dismemberment. As late as January-1918 Lloyd George was insisting that the destruction of Austro-Hungary was not one of the war aims of the UK. This was in line with statements made by Wilson at the time. France also favoured the continued existence of Austro-Hungary that its German speaking areas could otherwise seek to unite with Germany. (Louis Leger, A. B. Hill. 1889). When the Central powers collapsed, events moved so quickly that the government did not have time to alter its relations with the subject nationalities to suit those aims it wished to pursue at the peace conference. In fact, on the subject of national self-determination, the government had not decided exactly what aims it wished to pursue. (Calder, K. J.1976) The collapse of the enemy cut short the war-time relations between the government and the à ©migrà ©s before they could be developed to their logical conclusion. Throughout the war, even while it sought a separate peace, the government gradually least limited support for their aspirations, in this situation the government might have been forced to make a formal decision on the fate of Austria-Hungary by giving a general endorsement to the idea of national self-determination. Such developments would have carried the pattern of British relations with the subject nationalities during the war to is ultimate, logical and extreme conclusion but the collapse of the Central powers, premature in terms of British military, cut short this development and left the government in a position which was, to say the lease, confused. By 11 November-1918, it had not formally endorsed the general application of the idea of national self-determination and had not decided, or accepted a commitment, to de stroy Austria-Hungary. Austro-Hungarian Empire can be blamed itself, for its defeat in World War I as all the suffering was caused just to confront the Serbians. The whole idea was turned down due to participation of Russians and further by the discreet act of Italians. After the war Austria-Hungary could not continue much as the Hungarian part became less supportive. Beginning from the later stage of 1916 till early 1917 food supply became very irregular for the Hungarian side and the government had to seek settlement against its enemies, but all the attempts were failed. This was the time when it became clear that the war winners will be the Allied powers of the British Empire, France, Italy and the United States. At this stage nationalist movements which had previously been calling for a greater degree of autonomy for various areas started pressing for full independence. Further the liberal movements and the politicians amongst the Austrians and Hungarians majority also supported the separatism of ethnic minorities in their areas. This began in October of 1918 when Austria was distributed into four portions German, Czech, South Slav and Ukrainian. The Polish State came into existence with rights of full independence. Czechoslovak joined their hands with the South Slave which were already united with Serbia. These happenings came in series as Czecho-Slovakia declared independence on October 28, the Slovaks in Martin on October 30, and on October 29, the southern Slav areas declared the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Finally on October 31, 1918 the government of Hungary terminated its union with Austria and the Austro-Hungarian Empire was officially dissolved. Then in November separate republics were declared in Austria and Hungary and new border of territories were brought to the world map. The war ended when the peace agreement took effect on November 11, 1918. In the result of the war the political, cultural, and social order of the world was radically changed, even in those areas which were not directly involved in the war. Many new countries were formed, while many were abolished. After a thorough study of all the events, incidents and scenarios it may be concluded that the coalition of Austria and Hungary and development of Austro-Hungry Empire was a negative decision. The residents, besides being different in communities with different cultural and linguistic values, all of them tried to be together and support the government at one stage but later they were confront to go for the independence due to the conquering approach of both parts of the government, the Austria and Hungary, which finally ended in the dissolution after a huge loss in the shape of territory as well as manpower in the World War I.

Various Eating Disorders :: essays research papers

Anorexia nervosa is the unrelenting pursuit of thinness. When a person has anorexia nervosa they weigh 85%, or less than, of what is estimated for their age and height. A person suffering from anorexia nervosa is petrified of becoming fat; they fear gaining weight even though they are distinctly underweight. The dangers of low weight isn’t apparent, or is denied by these people, and they’ll report feeling fat even when they’re exceptionally thin. In addition to this, anorexia nervosa also often consists of withdrawal, depression, irritability, and peculiar behaviors. These particular behaviors make include things such as compulsive routines, strange eating habits, and division of foods into "good, safe, bad, and dangerous† categories. A person suffering from anorexia nervosa will most likely deny it because they don’t realize what they’re doing to themselves. They just have embedded in their minds that they must persist to lose weight to fit the â€Å"perfect† body image. This form of the perfect body image is cultivated by various sources. Bulimia is the purge and binge-eating disorder. A person who has this disorder feels out of control while eating. This person also vomits, misuses laxatives, exercises or fasts to lose calories. Bulimia also consists of dieting when not binging, and when becomes hungry binges again. Behaviors including shoplifting, being licentious and misusing alcohol, drugs and credit cards occur. Like anorexia, bulimia can kill. Bulimics are often depressed lonely, ashamed, and empty inside. Felling worthless, it’s hard for them to talk about their feelings, which almost always include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and anger. Bulimics act with little consideration of consequences. Body dysmorphic disorder is often called imagined ugliness. People with this disorder are always watching out for their appearance. There are at least five million people in America with this disorder. This disorder usually common amongst teenage, since in high appearance is needed to be popular and accepted. An extreme case of this would result in getting into bad eating habits, such as Anorexia. Also it can literally destroy a person’s life, since they are extremely sensitive to what other people think. But not all the cases of this disorder. Some people who have this disorder function just fine in society. The best way to treat this disorder is to face your fears and to be proud of who you are, and not care what other people think. Compulsive overeating (C.O) is characterized by uncontrollable eating habits caught in the vicious cycle of binge eating and weight gain, which affects millions of Americans.

Joyce Campbell :: Short Stories Papers

Joyce Campbell Melissa Everett was sitting comfortably in her swivel chair staring down on the busy city of New York. She dreamily began talking to herself: â€Å"How lucky I am,† she thought. â€Å"My life is so perfect right now, my family supports me and I have great friends.† She calmly looks around her large office and thinks to herself, â€Å"And look how far I have come!† She thinks back to her struggles and to her climb up the companies latter. â€Å"Without the help of Joyce, I and several of the other female executives of Tie Technologies would not be here. How did she do it? I wonder how it was back then†¦.† Melissa eyes grew slightly heavy, her head filled with thoughts and she quickly slipped into a light sleep†¦. June 27th, 1957. The sun was out; the sky was blue, dusted with only a few white clouds. This morning was like any other morning: Typical. The sun was shining warmly onto the houses, cars and people of Apple Lane. Number 203, residence to Gregory and Judy Stephenson was a bustle. This newly built large brick home is surrounded with others identical to itself. In this suburban neighborhood, the streets are cluttered with children and mother’s offering goodbyes to their loved ones as the men commute to their work. Judy stands waving softly to the old Cadillac pulling out of the driveway. Her skirt blows into the air, and her wispy blonde bangs sweep to the side of her face. She holds her baby girl in her arms and touches the shoulder of the young boy below her. It’s very early, she dresses her children for school and shovels them out of the door an hour or so later. She crochets, bakes a few batches of cookies for her returning children, walks to the market to purchase the necessary items for dinner - baked potatoes, carrots and flank steaks - and decides to walk over to her friend Joyce's house. She arrives; unfortunately the bottom inch of her skirt has been caked with wet dust, and approaches a young woman with a big straw hat on reading quietly on her porch. It is routine. Judy sits down next to her takes out her new romantic novel and decides to go make herself cold lemonade.

Hubspot: Inbound Marketing Essay

HubSpot is an online marketing software company that utilizes inbound marketing, a system which pulls prospective customers to a business and its products. Although inbound marketing has been highly successful and the company has reached its milestone of 1,000 customers, HubSpot is now faced with the dilemma of which direction to steer towards, while considering the viability of inbound marketing at a larger scale. HubSpot must decide whether to target the Marketing Marys (MM) segment, the Owner Ollies (OO) segment or both. We recommend that HubSpot focus on the OO segment. Our strategy is to actively grow this market segment, lower the churn rate and increase the retention rate. By targeting this segment, it will help HubSpot further its goal of becoming an industry leader in the Leads, Analyze and Qualify Traffic sectors of the inbound marketing industry. Our recommendation is based on quantitative analysis which showed that the OO segment is more profitable than the MM segment. Considering the $1000 acquisition cost of OOs and their current pricing, the breakeven for this segment is 2 months. In addition, the lifetime revenue for the OOs is estimated to be $1. M (Exhibit B). In contrast, the breakeven time calculated for the MMs is 9 months with an estimated lifetime revenue of $1. 6M. In addition to quantitative analysis, we also considered qualitative factors in determining our recommendation. We determined that inbound marketing should remain the primary marketing system because it is a user-friendly and a cost efficient product and most importantly, it is HubSpot’s guiding philosophy. Inbound Marketing, a core value and strength, will continue to differentiate HubSpot from its competitors as it grows. In choosing to target the OO segment, we are assuming that OOs will continue to migrate to HubSpot’s hosted content management system at the same rate. The plan is to foster the OOs through retention programs and an improved quality customer service department. The company can lock the customer into a one-year contract at a discount or offer initial free consulting services. In addition within this timeframe, HubSpot’s salesforce will promote the advantages of migrating to the CMS system. We considered alternatives such as targeting both OO and MM segments or focusing solely on the MM segment. However, according to the company product timeline, it takes more than 3 months to develop new products and processes so the alternative of targeting both segments was rejected. As a new company, HubSpot has limited resources to service the diverse client base, which will cause product growth to lag behind servicing customers’ needs. In the long run, this will put the company at a less competitive position in the industry. Additionally, we also considered targeting only the MMs because this segment realized the most growth during the last four months of 2008, perhaps indicating long term growth potential. We rejected this strategy as a result of our expense breakeven analysis: it takes 4 ? times longer to breakeven with MM customers than it does with OO clients (Exhibit B). Finally, while we realize that the shift in focus could potentially lead to loss of market share within the MM segment, we believe that the gain in OO segment will offset the loss in the long run. In conclusion, we recommend that HubSpot target the OO segment. We identified HubSpot’s goals as growth within the OO segment, a lower churn rate and an increased retention rate. HubSpot can accomplish these objectives by promoting the CMS system and implementing a new customer contract initiative. As the company moves towards accomplishing these goals, it will no doubt become a market leader in the online software marketing industry.

Love at First Sight- Personal Narrative

A moment in time where two people feel a powerful connection towards one another is classified as â€Å"Love at First Sight. † To most, love at first sight is true and can happen to anybody, however, to others, it is just a myth and can be simplified as a problem that can be solved through science or a belief they have. I myself did believe in this theory, but with time I began to understand that it could have easily just have been a sham. But then again, it also could have just been â€Å"Teen Love. † As I grew up, I would spend a great amount of time watching television.Normally, you’d expect a child to grow up watching cartoons and progressing from that point, but I had preferred to watch a teenage or adult program. Within these programs, I had noticed that there were many cases in which two people, whether it’d be boy to boy, girl to boy, or girl to girl, caught eyes for the very first moment in time and they went through a series of twist and turns un til the end where they finally end up happily together with a strong and powerful bond. Just about a year ago, I met the love of my teenage life.His name was Alec and he was a very handsome and interesting young man. The first time I met him was an unforgettable moment. I was with my friends at the movies and we were just standing there ordering our tickets to The Uninvited, when I feel a smack from behind me. â€Å"Sorry,† he said. I looked at him and had a sudden moment of silence. He spoke again, â€Å"Can I buy your ticket? † â€Å"No, that’s okay. † I told him. â€Å"Well can I at least get you some popcorn or something? † I laughed, â€Å"I really don’t like popcorn, but you can get me a slushy? He laughed, â€Å"Okay, just as long as you let me join you and your friends,† he paused for a minute, â€Å"if you don’t mind of course. † â€Å"We would not mind at all,† I said as I tried to hold back the biggest smile ready to come out. We stood there for a while, just looking at each other and smiling. â€Å"Well after you †¦ What was your name again? † he said with a smile. By the end of the movie, I was able to truthfully say that that was the greatest event of my life. â€Å"So, can I have you number? † he continued, â€Å"You know, to call you later tonight. † I gave him a big smile and said, â€Å"Yeah, totally! After I gave him my number get gave me a hug and said, â€Å"It was really great meeting you here. I’m glad I smacked you. † We both laughed as we said our goodbyes. It had been six months that we’ve gone out and I couldn’t help but think we might end up having the relationship just like the program’s I’ve seen on the television. Then I noticed a sudden change of affection. It wasn’t a bad affection as to where he ignored me and tried to avoid talking to me, but it was the affection in where he wouldn ’t leave me out of his sight as if he were hiding something and the guilt was caving in.After my birthday, he invited me to spend the night at his house because his parents wanted to have a special birthday dinner just for me. I was really excited, I didn’t know that him, or his parents would go through the trouble of doing this for me. As soon as dinner was over, Alec took me to his room and sat me on his bed. He gave me the plan on what we were going to do for the rest of the night. I was very excited on what he had planned. â€Å"But there’s one thing I need tell you,† there was a long pause. â€Å"What is it? † I replied. â€Å"I just wanted to let you know that I really do love you.And I hope our relationship is strong enough to withhold anything. † he said with a shaky voice. Many things were popping in and out of my head after he had said that. â€Å"I did cheat on you, this one time and it was never meant it to happen. † When he finished his sentence, I was in complete shock. I didn’t know what to do. I didn’t want to stay there and let out all my feelings at him. So I went with his sister and told her everything. I practically dumped out all my feelings and confusion into our conversation. It was the most horrible day I had ever experienced.On the very first day I was with Alec, I did think it was love at first sight. No matter how much I would like to experience that moment again, I know that I will never trust that feeling again. I now know that â€Å"Love at First Sight,† is just a belief system to where people want something to fall back on or some romantic story they want to tell their children. Whether it was â€Å"Teen Love† or â€Å"Love at First Sight,† that one little spark, that determines your affection towards one another, will never return due to the experience that I went through.